By Arash Fahim, Nizar Touzi & Xavier Warin (Cahier de la Chaire n°32)
We consider the probabilistic numerical scheme for fully nonlinear PDEs suggested in Cheridito et al (2007), and show that it can be introduced naturally as a combination of Monte Carlo and fi nite diff erences scheme without appealing to the theory of backward stochastic differential equations. Our fi rst main result provides the convergence of the discrete-time approximation and derives a bound on the discretization error in terms of the time step. An explicit implementable scheme requires to approximate the conditional expectation operators involved in the discretization. This induces a further Monte Carlo error. Our second main result is to prove the convergence of the latter approximation scheme, and to derive an upper bound on the approximation error. Numerical experiments are performed for the approximation of the solution of the mean curvature flow equation in dimensions two and three, and for two and five-dimensional (plus time) fully-nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations arising in the theory of portfolio optimization in financial mathematics.
Keywords: Viscosity Solutions, monotone schemes, Monte Carlo approximation, second order backward stochastic di erential equations.